What Is IVDD In Dogs?

Understanding IVDD in Dogs: A Comprehensive Guide to Affected Breeds and Treatment Options. What is IVDD in Dogs? Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a degenerative spinal condition that affects a dog’s intervertebral discs, leading to pain, nerve damage, and, in severe cases, paralysis. IVDD occurs when the cushioning discs between the vertebrae become damaged or rupture, compressing the spinal cord. This condition is particularly common in dogs with long backs and short legs but can affect any breed. The disease is classified into two types: Hansen Type I, which involves a sudden disc rupture, and Hansen Type II, which is a gradual degeneration of the discs over time.

What Is IVDD In Dogs? (canine intervertebral disk disease)

Breeds Prone to IVDD While any dog can develop IVDD, certain breeds are genetically predisposed due to their body structure and inherited disc degeneration tendencies. Some of the most commonly affected breeds include:

Dachshunds – With their long backs and short legs, dachshunds have the highest risk of IVDD. Studies indicate that up to 25% of dachshunds may develop this condition in their lifetime.

French Bulldogs – This breed is prone to IVDD due to their compact spinal structure and genetic susceptibility to disc degeneration.

Corgis – Both the Pembroke and Cardigan Welsh Corgis are at risk due to their elongated spines and short stature.

Beagles – Although not as high-risk as dachshunds, beagles can develop IVDD as they age.

Shih Tzus – Their compact body structure makes them susceptible to spinal issues, including IVDD.

Pekingese – Similar to the Shih Tzu, Pekingese dogs often develop disc-related problems due to their spinal conformation.

Basset Hounds – Their long backs and short legs make them prone to spinal compression and disc herniation.

Cocker Spaniels – Though not as commonly affected, Cocker Spaniels can develop IVDD, especially in older age.

Chihuahuas – This small breed can be vulnerable to spinal disc issues, particularly in middle age and senior years.

Lhasa Apsos – Their compact size and genetic makeup make them prone to IVDD over time.

“IVDD in dogs is a condition that occurs when the cushioning discs between the bones of the spinal column either bulge or burst into the space containing the spinal cord. ” – Barri J. Morrison, DVM

Symptoms of IVDD in Dogs

The symptoms of IVDD vary based on the severity of the disc damage. Common signs include:

• Reluctance to jump or move
• Pain or sensitivity in the back or neck
• Loss of coordination or wobbliness
• Weakness in the hind legs
• Partial or complete paralysis
• Loss of bladder or bowel control

Symptoms can progress quickly, making early detection and veterinary intervention critical in managing the disease effectively.

Treatment Options for IVDD in Dogs The treatment for IVDD depends on the severity of the condition and how early it is diagnosed. There are both conservative and surgical treatment options available.

Conservative Treatment

For dogs with mild to moderate IVDD symptoms, non-surgical treatments can be effective. These include:

Rest and Restricted Activity – Strict crate rest for 4-6 weeks is often recommended to allow the spine to heal and prevent further disc damage.

Pain Management – Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and muscle relaxants can help alleviate pain and inflammation.

Physical Therapy – Techniques such as hydrotherapy, laser therapy, and massage can help strengthen muscles and improve mobility.

Weight Management – Keeping a dog at a healthy weight reduces strain on the spine and decreases the risk of worsening symptoms.

Assistive Devices – Back braces and harnesses can help support a dog’s spine and minimize strain on affected areas.

“IVDD is one of the most common spinal disorders in small and long-backed breeds. Early recognition and prompt veterinary care are critical to preserving mobility and quality of life. Even partial paralysis can often be improved with surgery, physical therapy, and careful management at home.” – Dr. Natasha Olby, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Neurology), Professor of Neurology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine

Surgical Treatment

For severe cases, surgery is often necessary to relieve spinal cord compression. Surgical options include:

Hemilaminectomy – A procedure that removes part of the vertebra to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.

Ventral Slot Surgery – Used for cervical (neck) disc herniation to remove ruptured disc material.

Fenestration – A preventive surgery that removes material from vulnerable discs to reduce future ruptures.

Surgery is most successful when performed within 24-48 hours of severe symptoms appearing. Post-surgical recovery typically involves rehabilitation and physical therapy to help regain mobility.

Recovery and Long-Term Management of IVDD Recovery from IVDD treatment varies depending on the severity of the condition and whether surgery was required. Rehabilitation plays a critical role in helping dogs regain function and prevent recurrence. Some essential aspects of recovery include:

• Physical Therapy – Regular rehab sessions, including underwater treadmill therapy, can improve strength and coordination.
• Home Modifications – Using ramps instead of stairs, orthopedic bedding, and avoiding activities that strain the spine can prevent re-injury.
• Ongoing Veterinary Care – Routine check-ups and early intervention at the first sign of symptoms can help manage IVDD long-term.

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Preventing IVDD in Dogs

While IVDD is not always preventable, pet owners can take steps to reduce the risk and manage the disease effectively:

• Maintain a healthy weight to avoid unnecessary strain on the spine.
• Limit jumping from high surfaces like couches or beds.
• Use harnesses instead of collars to reduce neck strain.
• Provide regular exercise to keep muscles strong and supportive of the spine.
• Consider joint supplements such as glucosamine and omega-3 fatty acids to promote disc and joint health.

Although PetWorks has hundreds of the top certified canine chiropractors on its team throughout the United States, we do not recommend canine chiropractic care for dogs with IVDD. You should consult with your dog’s vet about proper aftercare.

IVDD is a very serious condition that can significantly impact a dog’s quality of life, but early detection, proper treatment, and ongoing care can make a difference. Understanding the risks for prone breeds, recognizing symptoms early, and exploring treatment options…from conservative management to surgical intervention…can help pet owners provide the best care for their dogs. With a proactive approach and veterinary guidance, many dogs with IVDD can lead happy, pain-free lives.

About PetWorks

Marty Goldstein DVM joined the pet care platform PetWorks as an advisor in its Animal Nutrition care division. Dr Marty Nature’s Blend is on a mission to help your pets live their healthiest lives possible. Dr. Marty’s pet nutrition expertise and guidance has helped PetWorks evolve and become the preeminent animal and pet nutrition consultation service for pet parents in North America.

In 2022, Blue Buffalo Founder Bill Bishop Jr. joined PetWorks as Senior Advisor in our Animal Nutrition Care Division. Bill brings his extensive expertise in pet food innovation and business leadership. His guidance helps PetWorks enhance our pet nutrition service offerings, helping to ensure that pet parents throughout the world receive trusted, science-backed nutritional support for their dogs, cats, and animals.